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This film is about the technical limestone cycle. Limestone is mined and processed industrially. Carbon dioxide bound in limestone is dissolved and forms calcium oxide. When water is added, calcium carbonate forms in an exothermal reaction. It reacts with carbon dioxide in the air, forming calcium carbonate again.
Endothermic reactions consume more energy than they release, whereas the opposite is true for exothermic reactions. Therefore, there are many applications for the latter. The film presents various forms of exothermic reaction and shows how, for example, combustion, thermite reactions and explosions can be used beneficially.
The natural limestone cycle: Carbonated water flows over limestone, the calcium carbonate reacts with the carbonic acid and forms calcium hydrogen carbonate. When this water evaporites, the mixture of dissolved carbon dioxide, carbonic acid and calcium hydrogen carbonate turns back into calcium carbonate and carbon dioxide.
White deposits on water taps and scale in kettles are the result of hard water. Water hardness is a measure of the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in water.
This film shows how water hardness is measured and which consequences the hardness of water has. Also methods for softening water are shown.
This video takes a closer look at iodine, an element in the halogen family. At room temperature, iodine has a metallic sheen and sublimes to a purple vapour as soon as it is just lightly heated up, earning it its name ("ioiedis" means "violet" in Greek). Iodine is essential for making thyroid hormones.
To find out whether a liquid is acidic or alkaline, indicators are used to measure pH levels. The pH scale ranges from 0 (extremely acidic) to 14 (extremely alkaline). Pure water sits in the middle of the scale with a pH of 7. Using various experiments, this film shows how to measure the pH levels of aqueous solutions.
The film gives an overview of the material properties of thermal and electrical conductivity. Examples and experiments are used to explain how well heat and electricity are passed on through various solid and liquid substances. In this context, the video explains the concept of electrical resistance.
The atmospheric greenhouse effect - a warming of the Earth´s surface by heat trapped by the sun - is what made our planet habitable in the first place. This video explains in detail how this effect works and identifies the differences between the natural and the threatening man-made greenhouse effect.
For a fire to occur, three conditions must be met: There must be combustible material, enough oxygen, and a sufficiently high initial temperature to provide the necessary activation energy. The video shows how firefighters deal with this so-called "burning triangle" and gives an overview over the best extinguishing methods.
Topics of this film are fats and fatty oils. Chemists call them lipids, and they are a key component of our diet. If the substance is solid or semi-solid at room temperature we call it fat, if it is fluid we call it oil. Its correct technical name is "fatty oil" because - from a chemical point of view - there are other oils.
How is life defined? This film shows which biological factors have to be fulfilled. If something moves, has a metabolism, reproduces, grows and reacts to stimuli, it is considered a living organism. Intermediate forms are discussed and we explain that so far there is no such thing as artificial life.
Exothermic chemical reactions give off more energy than they themselves need for their process. The film explains combustion, which is the most important exothermic reaction - we use it to produce heat for example. It is the most commonly used chemical reaction, and it is also the oldest one known to mankind.
The air we breathe consists of nitrogen, oxygen, very little carbon dioxide and numerous other substances. The film explains what its composition is and how people have explored it over time. Another topic of the video are the five different layers that make up the vital atmosphere around the earth.
Photosynthesis is one of the most important reactions in nature. It is vital for the survival of all animal organisms, including humans, because the process forms the oxygen we need to breathe. Plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into energy-rich substances such as sugar and oxygen during photosynthesis.
The immune system - our body´s defense force - fights off many pathogens every day. But it can be weakened by an unhealthy lifestyle, infections, chronic diseases, older age or immunodeficiencies. This film looks at how exactly the immune system works and how a weakened immune system or immunodeficiency comes about.
Carbohydrates provide the body with energy. The film explains the different forms of carbohydrates and the differences between single, double and multiple sugars. It shows how these are broken down and transported to the cells as energy suppliers. Insulin opens the way for them into the interior of the cells.
While horses used to be used as work and farm animals, today they are more commonly kept as leisure and sport animals. This film lists equestrian sports and distinguishes between thoroughbreds, coldbloods, warmbloods and ponies. Reproduction and foal breeding of the herbivorous herd animals are also explained.
The film introduces the countless processes such as metabolism, growth, body temperature and heart beat which have to be permanently controlled in the body. They are controlled via the hormonal system and the nervous system. The hormonal system is responsible for regulating longer-term processes in the human body.
Honey bees are classified as domestic animals in Germany. This film shows how the animals live in the wild and in beehives. It explains how many and which bees live together in a community. Their anatomy, the animals´ tasks, the collection of pollen and the transmission of information are also topics of the film.
The range of hearing loss is between normal hearing and deafness. The film explains the differences between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. It describes the different causes of hearing loss and proven prevention measures, and explains what treatment options are available when someone loses their hearing.
Every person has about 100,000 to 150,000 hairs on their head. The film explains the structure and growth of hair. It shows where hair colour comes from and why it fades with age. The lifespan of a single hair, the normal daily loss and the right nutrition for healthy hair are further topics of the video.
Grain is one of the most important foodstuffs on Earth. The most commonly cultivated grains are rice, wheat and corn, along with barley, rye, oats and millet. As well as processing grain into flour, there are other ways it can be used as a food. This film shows how grain is grown and all the things that can be made from it.
The topic of this film are Fungi, which are usually multi-cell, sometimes single cell organisms and unlike most plants they do not contain any chlorophyll. Like humans and animals, they feed on nutrient-rich organic substances from the soil. Fungi create their own realm and are more closely related to animals than plants.
Finger- and toenails are made of keratin. The film explains what keratin consists of, how a nail is built and the way it grows. It explains how finger- and toenails grow at different rates, what the presumed reasons for this are and what you should consider, for example, in your diet for healthy and beautiful nails.
The domestic chicken is one of the most common farm animals in Germany. The film describes how the animals live together, what rank order they have, how and what they eat and how they produce eggs. It explains how long it takes for a chick to hatch from an egg and how many eggs chickens lay in the wild or in cages.
Food passes through various stations in our body. During this digestion process, it is gradually broken down by various enzymes to such an extent that the useful nutrients can be absorbed into the bloodstream. The unusable remainder is then excreted. This film illustrates the different digestion steps.
Enzymes ensure that food is converted into energy. Enzymes are protein compounds which are responsible for the metabolism. They can break down and convert any biological tissue. The digestive enzymes break down and disperse nutrient molecules. At the end of the film you will find a glossary with a summary of the contents.
Thanks to the powers of diffusion and osmosis, substances can be simply and efficiently transported throughout the body. The reciprocal permeation of liquids and gases is called diffusion. The penetration through a permeable, fine-pored partition wall in a similar, but more highly concentrated solution is called osmosis.
In the broadest terms, culture is everything created by humankind itself - in contrast to nature. Culture thus encompasses technology, science, art and religion. Culture depends on environmental conditions and is influenced by humans´ genetic make-up. This film outlines the close connection with biological evolution.
There are over 60 trillion cells in the human body. Each of these cells has a cell membrane, cell plasma and a cell nucleus. The chromosomes are found in the cell nucleus. Chromosomes determine our sex, our size, and our hair and eye color, for instance. This film looks at the properties and functions of chromosomes.