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Moderne Textilien sind viel mehr als nur Stoffe: Sie können Licht in Strom umwandeln, Textilien fluoreszieren lassen oder mit licht- und stromleitenden Garnen sogar Schmerzen lindern. Autos können dank der leichten Gewebe mehr Energie sparen, und Elektroden für Batterien werden inzwischen gestickt.
Kohlenstoff gehört zu den Grundbausteinen aller biologischen Substanzen. Der Film erklärt die wichtigsten Begriffe rund um das chemische Element und geht auf die Geschichte seiner Entdeckung ein. Polymerisationsreaktionen, verschiedene Alkane sowie die Gewinnung und Verarbeitung von Erdöl werden thematisiert.
Die ersten Ideen über die Kräfte, die die Welt zusammenhalten, wurden schon von den Philosophen der griechischen Antike formuliert. Der Film gibt einen Einblick in die Geschichte der Chemie von dieser Zeit an über alle wichtigen Entdeckungen bis hin zu topmodernen Erfindungen wie dem Raster-Kraft-Mikroskop.
In der Chemie ist es unabdingbar, dass man einheitliche Begriffe und Größen verwendet - nur mit diesen kann man chemische Reaktionen allgemeingültig beschreiben. Der Film erklärt so grundlegende Begriffe wie Mol und Molmasse und gibt eine Einführung in den Umgang mit der Avogadrozahl und anderen Konstanten.
Stoffe bestehen aus Atomen und Molekülen und können verschiedene Aggregatzustände haben. Der Film erläutert anhand von Wasser und Kochsalz die Stoffart, und die Stoffmenge wird anhand von Stoffen in der Gasphase erklärt. Es wird außerdem gezeigt, wie sich zwei oder mehr Atome zu einem Molekül zusammenfinden.
Für chemische Reaktionen gelten je nach Ausgangsstoff bestimmte Gesetze - sie laufen nach genauen Prinzipien ab. Der Film erläutert anhand von Laborversuchen das allgemeine Gasgesetz und das Gesetz zur Erhaltung der Masse. Das Periodensystem wird genau betrachtet und seine Aufteilung und Gliederung erklärt.
Salze weisen unterschiedliche Strukturen auf. Der Film erklärt die Ursache und betrachtet Kochsalz (Natriumchlorid) genauer. Er erläutert die Kristallbildung und zeigt die Salzbildung aus mehreren Stoffen anhand von Natriumsulfit und Natriumchlorid, das aus verschiedenen Ausgangsstoffen entstehen kann.
Oxidation is a chemical reaction. It runs when a candle is burning or a rocket is launched. An old rusted iron fence is actually the result of oxidation. And oxidation reactions even take place in our bodies. In this video, the characteristics of chemical reactions are explained and illustrated through different examples.
Imagining modern life without plastics is almost impossible. We use them in construction, as food packaging, paints, or clothing. Polymerization is the reaction used in their manufacture. This video takes a closer look at how monomers are combined to form polymers and gives a brief overview over the history of plastics.
Petroleum is one of the most important raw materials. We have been using it for almost 200 years - intensively so for 100. Most of it is used for heating and other energy needs. But petroleum is also indispensable in the production of drugs and other products. Because it is a finite resource, it gets less and less.
The particle model helps us get an idea of the structure and properties of substances. Sugar, for instance, can appear as rock candy, granulated sugar or icing, and can even be fully dissolved in water - all without a change to its particles. This film visualizes the particle model using different experiments.
It is the most abundant element on Earth and almost all living beings need it - oxygen. Under normal conditions, it is a colourless and odourless gas, occurring as a two-atom molecule. This video explains oxygen´s properties, shows its position in the periodic table, and demonstrates its high reactivity in several experiments.
In neutralization reactions, the pH values of acids and bases cancel each other out. The film shows this using the reaction of hydrochloric acid and caustic soda as an example. The products are described, the titration procedure and the use of neutralization reactions in everyday life are demonstrated.
Each element has a name. The subject of this film is how the naming is done. The names consist of the names of the elements in combination with a multiplication affix and a suffix. This film explains the nomenclature (i.e., the naming system) of inorganic compounds in an entertaining and step-by-step manner.
Nitrogen from the Earth´s atmosphere is converted by bacteria and then processed by plants. Humans and animals ingest these nitrogen compounds in their food. The nitrogen is returned to the soil in animal excrement that contains urea and in rotting plants. This film shows the nitrogen cycle and the Haber-Bosch process.
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Metals that quickly release electrons, electron donors, are called non-precious. Electron acceptors, i.e., metals that release only very few or no electrons at all, are precious. Metals can be put into an order, the electrochemical series, according to the readiness with which they release electrons.
Iron occurs naturally as mineral iron core. Before it can be used in the industry, it must first be processed into iron or steel. The film explains how blast furnaces are constructed and what chemical processes take place inside them before steel or alloys are finally produced with the addition of other metals.
This film is about the technical limestone cycle. Limestone is mined and processed industrially. Carbon dioxide bound in limestone is dissolved and forms calcium oxide. When water is added, calcium carbonate forms in an exothermal reaction. It reacts with carbon dioxide in the air, forming calcium carbonate again.
The natural limestone cycle: Carbonated water flows over limestone, the calcium carbonate reacts with the carbonic acid and forms calcium hydrogen carbonate. When this water evaporites, the mixture of dissolved carbon dioxide, carbonic acid and calcium hydrogen carbonate turns back into calcium carbonate and carbon dioxide.
Synthetic fibers are made from petroleum and natural gas. This video takes a look at organic and synthetic molecule chains as well as thermoplastic and duroplastic materials, explains the difference between monomers and polymers and gives a brief overview over the history of synthetic fibers like Nylon.
The simplest compounds in organic chemistry are the hydrocarbons. The film introduces the first alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons) and alkenes (unsaturated hydrocarbons) and explains their differences and properties. The substances can occur in many variants, which have correspondingly different properties.
A redox reaction happens when oxidation and reduction take place simultaneously. Redox reactions are necessary to extract metals like iron or copper. This video explains what oxidizing agents and reducing agents are, why some metals don´t easily react with oxygen, and uses experiments to demonstrate redox reactions.
This film is about the separation methods that can be used to split mixtures into their different components. It explains the separation methods decantation, sedimentation, sink-float separation, centrifugation, picking, filtration, evaporation, distillation, adsorption, extraction, chromatography, and combinations thereof.
Silver is considered to be the second most precious metal after gold. Silver is a brilliant white precious metal and with a density of 10.4 g/cm³, it is one of the heavy metals. Of all metals, it is the most reflective and absorbent of light. The film presents the properties of silver and how it reacts with other substances.
This video takes a closer look at iodine, an element in the halogen family. At room temperature, iodine has a metallic sheen and sublimes to a purple vapour as soon as it is just lightly heated up, earning it its name ("ioiedis" means "violet" in Greek). Iodine is essential for making thyroid hormones.
We encounter sodium in various forms in many places in everyday life, including the kitchen. The film introduces sodium and sodium hydroxide, points out their differences, and demonstrates their material properties by means of experiments. The very different uses of the reactive element are also shown.
There are different groups of substances to which substances are assigned according to their characteristic properties. The film shows what these properties are, namely the state of aggregation, the melting or boiling temperature, metallic sheen, hardness, density, solubility and finally conductivity.
Sulfur was already used 5000 years before Christ to bleach textiles and as a disinfectant. As one of the most reactive elements, sulfur consists of atoms arranged in a ring. The video introduces the different forms of sulfur and shows in several experiments how it behaves and reacts with other elements.
For a long time, it was considered certain that organic substances could not be produced from inorganic ones. The mixture of potassium cyanate and ammonium sulphate, which produces organic urea, disproved this thesis. The film shows the experiment including the proof and explains the many uses of urea.